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          Cocoapods原理
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        <h1 id="组成"><a href="#组成" class="headerlink" title="组成"></a>组成</h1><p>CocoaPods是用 Ruby 写的，并由若干个 Ruby 包 (gems) 构成的。在解析整合过程中，最重要的几个 gems 分别是： CocoaPods/CocoaPods, CocoaPods/Core, 和 CocoaPods/Xcodeproj (是的，CocoaPods 是一个依赖管理工具 – 利用依赖管理进行构建的！)。</p>
<h2 id="CocoaPods-CocoaPod"><a href="#CocoaPods-CocoaPod" class="headerlink" title="CocoaPods/CocoaPod"></a>CocoaPods/CocoaPod</h2><p>这是是一个面向用户的组件，每当执行一个 pod 命令时，这个组件都将被激活。该组件包括了所有使用 CocoaPods 涉及到的功能，并且还能通过调用所有其它的 gems 来执行任务。</p>
<h2 id="CocoaPods-Core"><a href="#CocoaPods-Core" class="headerlink" title="CocoaPods/Core"></a>CocoaPods/Core</h2><p>Core 组件提供支持与 CocoaPods 相关文件的处理，文件主要是 Podfile 和 podspecs。</p>
<h2 id="Podfile"><a href="#Podfile" class="headerlink" title="Podfile"></a>Podfile</h2><p>Podfile 是一个文件，用于定义项目所需要使用的第三方库。该文件支持高度定制，你可以根据个人喜好对其做出定制。更多相关信息，请查阅 Podfile 指南。</p>
<h2 id="Podspec"><a href="#Podspec" class="headerlink" title="Podspec"></a>Podspec</h2><p>.podspec 也是一个文件，该文件描述了一个库是怎样被添加到工程中的。它支持的功能有：列出源文件、framework、编译选项和某个库所需要的依赖等。</p>
<h2 id="CocoaPods-Xcodeproj"><a href="#CocoaPods-Xcodeproj" class="headerlink" title="CocoaPods/Xcodeproj"></a>CocoaPods/Xcodeproj</h2><p>这个 gem 组件负责所有工程文件的整合。它能够对创建并修改 .xcodeproj 和 .xcworkspace 文件。它也可以作为单独的一个 gem 包使用。如果你想要写一个脚本来方便的修改工程文件，那么可以使用这个 gem。</p>
<h1 id="加载源文件"><a href="#加载源文件" class="headerlink" title="加载源文件"></a>加载源文件</h1><p>CocoaPods 执行的下一步是加载源码。每个 .podspec 文件都包含一个源代码的索引，这些索引一般包裹一个 git 地址和 git tag。它们以 commit SHAs 的方式存储在 ~/Library/Caches/CocoaPods 中。这个路径中文件的创建是由 Core gem 负责的。</p>
<p>CocoaPods 将依照 Podfile、.podspec 和缓存文件的信息将源文件下载到 Pods 目录中。</p>
<h1 id="生成-Pods-xcodeproj"><a href="#生成-Pods-xcodeproj" class="headerlink" title="生成 Pods.xcodeproj"></a>生成 Pods.xcodeproj</h1><p>每次 pod install 执行，如果检测到改动时，CocoaPods 会利用 Xcodeproj gem 组件对 Pods.xcodeproj 进行更新。如果该文件不存在，则用默认配置生成。否则，会将已有的配置项加载至内存中。</p>
<h1 id="安装第三方库"><a href="#安装第三方库" class="headerlink" title="安装第三方库"></a>安装第三方库</h1><p>当 CocoaPods 往工程中添加一个第三方库时，不仅仅是添加代码这么简单，还会添加很多内容。由于每个第三方库有不同的 target，因此对于每个库，都会有几个文件需要添加，每个 target 都需要：</p>
<ul>
<li>一个包含编译选项的 .xcconfig 文件</li>
<li>一个同时包含编译设置和 CocoaPods 默认配置的私有 .xcconfig 文件</li>
<li>一个编译所必须的 prefix.pch 文件</li>
<li>另一个编译必须的文件 dummy.m</li>
</ul>
<p>一旦每个 pod 的 target 完成了上面的内容，整个 Pods target 就会被创建。这增加了相同文件的同时，还增加了另外几个文件。如果源码中包含有资源 bundle，将这个 bundle 添加至程序 target 的指令将被添加到 Pods-Resources.sh 文件中。还有一个名为 Pods-environment.h 的文件，文件中包含了一些宏，这些宏可以用来检查某个组件是否来自 pod。最后，将生成两个认可文件，一个是 plist，另一个是 markdown，这两个文件用于给最终用户查阅相关许可信息。</p>
<h1 id="写入至磁盘"><a href="#写入至磁盘" class="headerlink" title="写入至磁盘"></a>写入至磁盘</h1><p>直到现在，许多工作都是在内存中进行的。为了让这些成果能被重复利用，我们需要将所有的结果保存到一个文件中。所以 Pods.xcodeproj 文件被写入磁盘，另外两个非常重要的文件：Podfile.lock 和 Manifest.lock 都将被写入磁盘。</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Podfile.lock<br>这是 CocoaPods 创建的最重要的文件之一。它记录了需要被安装的 pod 的每个已安装的版本。如果你想知道已安装的 pod 是哪个版本，可以查看这个文件。推荐将 Podfile.lock 文件加入到版本控制中，这有助于整个团队的一致性。</p>
</li>
<li><p>Manifest.lock<br>这是每次运行 pod install 命令时创建的 Podfile.lock 文件的副本。如果你遇见过这样的错误 沙盒文件与 Podfile.lock 文件不同步 (The sandbox is not in sync with the Podfile.lock)，这是因为 Manifest.lock 文件和 Podfile.lock 文件不一致所引起。由于 Pods 所在的目录并不总在版本控制之下，这样可以保证开发者运行 app 之前都能更新他们的 pods，否则 app 可能会 crash，或者在一些不太明显的地方编译失败。</p>
</li>
<li><p>xcproj<br>如果你已经依照我们的建议在系统上安装了 xcproj，它会对 Pods.xcodeproj 文件执行一下 touch 以将其转换成为旧的 ASCII plist 格式的文件。为什么要这么做呢？虽然在很久以前就不被其它软件支持了，但是 Xcode 仍然依赖于这种格式。如果没有 xcproj，你的 Pods.xcodeproj 文件将会以 XML 格式的 plist 文件存储，当你用 Xcode 打开它时，它会被改写，并造成大量的文件改动。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h1 id="结语"><a href="#结语" class="headerlink" title="结语"></a>结语</h1><p>依赖库有Pod工程管理，最终编译为.a文件或者framework文件，为主项目使用</p>
<p>libPods.a<br>Pods-resources.sh<br>Pods.xcconfig</p>

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